Very HiFi sound stereo tube preamps for the 60's like the McIntosh C8, Marantz 7, Audio Research SP-2A and even the beloved Pultec tube EQ's use cathode output stages. Design for a cathode follower. Note that the following stage must be protected against high voltages if a MOSFET is used, because the output will jump to the full supply voltage when . Playing around with Duncan's Tone Stack Calculator, it seems like the reduced impedance from the cathode follower would give a tad more bass and a little more signal overall, but not much. This technique is generally referred as cathode bias or self-bias. Input values can be changed to calculate other parameters like the cathode follower gain of V1 reduced by R1 by making µ2 -1 ~ For calculations of triode gain and follower output impedance this may be better ~ The default values are for two sections of an ECC81 both with Ia ≈ 1mA at V a = 170V and -Vbias = 360V ~ see valve . An increasing in voltage input signal causes the plate current to rise, which increases the voltage across the cathode resistor, making the cathode more positive with respect to ground. Hi Brian, Last question first - You would require all the bits for a Pre3 CF plus a PSU of some sort and the necessary interconnecting cables. the old. The overall voltage gain of the circuit is about 8. Shunt Regulated Push-Pull. Designing the Gain Stage If the valve is a triode, and its µ is between 20 - 30, then the result of the impedance multiplying effect may be assumed to be Rgc x 10, since a cathode follower nearly always has a . dude, the cat follower is better and to get some better ideas look at. Rk = the cathode resistor Rl = the load resistance, or the input resistance of the next stage Ra = the total load resistance, which is Rp in parallel with the input resistance of the next stage, Rl. It will set the maximum current consumption of the mosfet . Advantages - A relatively low impedance output enabling you to use longer leads, simplicity itself. Keen's MOSFET Follies . Two analog-electronic giants died last June. cathode follower-driven tone stacks just tend to have a better high-end sweep than anode-driven ones."Mid gutted" suggests to me that the tone stacks in question have a "slope resistor" value that's too high. You can improve the linearity even more by deleting the optional source bypass capacitor C2. Output Impedance Grounded Cathode . The original name for this circuit is a Balanced . Cathode bias resistor is calculated according to the formula: Rcb = R8 = Bias voltage / Idle current Rcb = 4V / 8.5mA = 470 ohm Input values can be changed to calculate other parameters like the cathode follower gain of V1 reduced by R1 by making µ2 -1 ~ For calculations of triode gain and follower output impedance this may be better ~ The default values are for two sections of an ECC81 both with Ia ≈ 1mA at V a = 170V and -Vbias = 360V ~ see valve . This is done by splitting the previous stage's anode resistor into two equal parts and connecting a capacitor from the cathode follower's cathode, to the junction of the two resistors [see right]. Note that the plate voltage on the X-axis is actually read as the plate-to-cathode voltage (I.e. We need to begin with the concept of "cathode degeneration," which is a normal part of tube operation, but can be seen as an unwanted byproduct -- it is also a form of "negative feedback." . 100V on this graph, with a cathode bias of 40V, is 140V B+ and 100V plate-to-cathode voltage). Before we dive in, let's talk a bit about what exactly the cathode bypass cap does, and how changing it can affect the tone of your amplifier. The idea: To "re-purpose" V2 in that V2b (cathode follower) becomes the "added" gain stage between V1b and V2a. Last Modified: 5 Jun 2012 T he above shows a cathode-follower type phase-splitter where the input impedance (Rin) is that of Rgc multiplied by >=10, by virtue of its other end being connected to the cathode. R36 is the tail resistor that creates the relatively high voltage (34v DC in the Bassman) needed for the cathode follower function of the upper cathode. Processor: Minimum 486, recommended Pentium or better. Yes, the SRPP appears to encompass a cathode follower of sorts, making the unity-gain buffer answer seem at least partially right. 16. 2. The gain of the input transfer is two, but as this is split in to two , it equals 1 . Last Modified: 5 Jun 2012 T he above shows a cathode-follower type phase-splitter where the input impedance (Rin) is that of Rgc multiplied by >=10, by virtue of its other end being connected to the cathode. This approximately equalizes the plate driven and cathode driven designs. Like a tube cathode follower, the source follower lowers the driving impedance to drive the tone stack with less signal loss. In the cathode follower you use the the voltage swing across a resistor between ground and the cathode. Designing the Gain Stage The dc voltages on the tube are more or less as expected (25V on the plate, 0V on the grid and on the cathode. Hosenlander triode common-cathode amplifier calculator provides an elaborated DC and AC calculator for triode gain stage. 15c, in that the follower is fed with a constant-current source, but in addition the drain current of the current source is modulated by the AC signal. RIP Bob Pease & Jim Williams. Cathode follower design (amp and modulator needed) I need a cathode follower circuit that can cover from 75KHz-16MHz using 1/2 of a 6SL7. The cathode follower is normally used as a buffer between a one bit of circuit and another, so the second one does not cause loss of gain or increased distortion by loading down the first one. The gain of the second voltage amplifier made of two E80L's is 105 times. C gk To a good approximation, Av = μ / ( μ +1), so for an E88CC ( μ ≈32), Av =0.97, Cag =1.4 pF and Cgk =3.3 pF. In doing some reading, thinking and simulating (not yet tinkered), I have arrived at what I think might. Math: Zin = Rg / (1 - stage gain) Why: Really this is just interesting because it shows that cathode followers have super high input impedance. The triode follower differs from the other configutations in that it has a gain less than one, even without load and with a current source. Driving a pair of 833A modulators in class B as found in the BC-1G/H is a tall order for a pair of 807's, even as cathode followers. This schematic below is a simple two stage line-level preamplifier using a single 12AU7 (ECC82) tube per channel. It's a cathode bias together with a cathode follower together! (.005 amps + .015 amps) * 10,000 ohms = 200 volts 1). Neumann wv2 eq + marantz7 cathode Follower = Low impedance EF804S+ECC83 TSD15. In the Duncan Tone Stack Calculator, there is a program for Vox amps where the tone stack is off a cathode follower. Brains & Brawn Cathode Follower. This is achieved via N-Mosfet source follower replacing the cathode follower. The gain of the EL34 cathode followers is 0,94 times, being a cathode follower. Here is an example of how to find the cathode bias voltage for a CCS current of 50ma and a B+ of 140V. The cathode follower has very high input resistance, and low input capacitance because it does not suffer from the Miller effect. Re: Cathode Follower. The input to the grid comes through a 100pF cap. The latter is less susceptible to interference and can have a beneficial effect on tone. follower in a True capicator microphone preamp. *. Adding to your cart. Let's design a load line of a cathode follower based on 6922 tube. The value of cathode bias resistor calculated from this data is 60 Ω (0.6 V / 10 mA) and a standard value of 56 Ω was actually used. 1. I searched online for info on good, but inexpensive, and ended up ordering some Sommer 300-0024 Tricone MkII Unbalanced Cable (Green). Let's design a load line of a cathode follower based on 6922 tube. The results update as new input values are entered ~ Values for g m r a and µ should be taken from the valve characteristics or . Posts: 4,549. You can improve the linearity even more by deleting the optional source bypass capacitor C2. The SRPP circuit has also been referred to as a SEPP, Totem Pole, Mu Follower, Mu amplifier and Cascoded Cathode Follower. Also, despite the pentode curves, you don't need to wire up a screen and suppressor grid. Phase Inverter Bass Response Calculator Long-Tailed-Pair Balance Calculator Paraphase Inverter Resistor Calculator LTP Negative Feedback Calculator Cathode Impedance Calculator Grid Bias Excursion Calculator The FRCM-TO designation must, as stated above, always indicate the flow direction. After voltage gain is applied, the signal then travels to the power tubes as well. The cathode circuit, which is essentially a cathode follower, we already know has NO voltage gain, so the second stage Common-Grid amp provides the gain. Cathode Follower. Common-Cathode Stage, un bypassed. This Calculator is to support my Amplifier-Buffer project and can be used to calculate the gain of a triode amplifier using a common cathode gain stage with a cathode follower output buffer so the overall gain is not significantly affected by the output load. A cathode follower (or a high voltage MOSFET source follower) should be used to ensure the output impedance is low enough to drive the external amplifier and the interconnect lead capacitance. This is R2 in the circuit below. This is one of many possible variations for a Symmetrical SRPP Preamplifier based around the 6DJ8 / ECC88 family of tubes. This is a cathode follower in most common amp designs. The cathode follower denoted by the symbol (-t>l-) , is inserted between each consecutive flow resistance branch. Large fonts are supported. The cathode follower then effectively multiplies or bootstraps the value of the lower anode resistor R2, making it look like a constant-current source. Note that the same number of resistors is used in both circuits. Also, despite the pentode curves, you don't need to wire up a screen and suppressor grid. As explained previously, the cathode follower action of regulator triode 30 means that the potential on its cathode 34 and, hence, the potential on screen-grid 36 will change in phase with, and to an extent proportional to, the fluctuations on control grid 38. I guess distortion isn't a huge concern, but you may not be able to get enough volume if the bias is really off. The input to the grid comes through a 100pF cap. The output stage of the circuit is a Cathode Follower and is suitable to drive a low impedance amplifier. volume, like in a guitar) but how about a treble bleed cap between the "in". The input impedance of this follower is equal to the three 1M input resistors in parallel, i.e. $164 for 24 months. Some may say that a volume pot has an influence on the tone (bassier at low. are 7:1 and 10:1 on same transformer). The circuit in 16a is a JFET version of the tube White cathode follower. In practice, the PC boards were crap and the tubes ran at max dissipation mounted horizontally so failures were common. Also a 1 meg resistor connected to the grid is in series with a . In this manner the potential difference existing between cathode 26 and screengrid 36 . Cathode resistor is 3.3K into 100K to Ground and the Grid leak resistor is 10M. Check out as guest. 1 Megohms anode resistors are a bit impractical, and which again makes the Ia too low, so another idea, which was the subject of the above mentioned Wireless World article, is to use a cathode follower to multiply RL, the AC load as seen by the anode, but keeping Ra, the anode resistor DC resistance that provides the steady-state Ia, to a . There is grid current on the grid of the CF, which also affects the plate voltage of the cathode bias gain stage. If the valve is a triode, and its µ is between 20 - 30, then the result of the impedance multiplying effect may be assumed to be Rgc x 10, since a cathode follower nearly always has a . The part about mosfet cathode followers. 27 August 2011. The Cathode Follower-citance is in the same proportion; so we have t or about 0.4f'f'F. Cga is its normal IOf'f'F, so the total is 1O.4f'f'F. With a little care regarding Cga, this figure could be improved upon. Pease was only 70 years old and I fully expected him to go on another thirty years. Some F*nd*r amps use a100k value for their classic mid scoop, while Marshalls typically use a 39k value to get their stronger mids. If there is no Rl, Ra = Rp. The gain of the the individual stages is as follows. (5) Basically, the circuit is an extension of Fig. The item you've selected was not added to your cart. The gain of the E80CC stage is about 12 times. 1. The cost of operation without the capacitor is a decrease in gain. stack if there's a cathode follower right before. 333k. Since the cathode is at a high voltage it is often necessary to elevate the heater supply to ensure Negative voltage between grid and cathode can also be obtained by connecting the grid to ground voltage and by elevating the cathode voltage. The output will be feeding a resistor network of a little less than 1K through a .001uF cap. And it is capable of swinging positive and negative current swings into a load in excess of its idle current, making push-pull operation . Cathode follower: In the picture you can see various cathode, emitter and source followers. Output impedance behaves like a series resistance. What does this calculator do? A steeper load line will be chosen for the cathode follower stage in order to obtain higher output current. Remember that cathode follower stage gain is always close to 1 so you're dividing an already fairly large grid resistor by a very small number. The cost of operation without the capacitor is a decrease in gain. The calculator calculates a cathode follower's unloaded voltage gain (the gain without being connected to the next stage) and output impedance based on the triode's characteristics and the cathode resistor value. Recommended 800x600 or better. 2) Bill Putnam uses a cathode follower output stage in his LA2a compressor, Marshall use a cathode follower to drive the tone controls circuit in its tube amplifiers. Cathode follower has a voltage gain of slightly less than 1, a low output resistance of about 1 KOhm, a high output resistance of about 500 MOhm, and is a non-inverting circuit. Pease was killed in an auto accident (ironically and sadly enough) while leaving a memorial service for Williams, who died Sunday, June 12. The EQ needs to drain more power in order to work when the driving impedance is low. The Valve Wizard site has an interesting article on what else the cathode follower might contribute to the tone. Location: Ashen- Essex/Suffolk bord. leg of the pot and the wiper. The branch designation or type, is the number (4). Can keep existing Vol control/input selector. Cathode Follower ( calculate Load & Bias Resistor ) Heater elevation: It is very important not to exceed the maximum heater-to-cathode voltage. Cathode Bypass Capacitor. The Plate voltage is 105. regulated at ~3mA, the grid cap is .01uF@630VDC (its what I had on hand) the. Sign in to check out. For more, see Mike Donovan's article on High Voltage Solid-State Circuits for Guitar Amplifiers , or R.G. But the cathode driven tonestack tends to have less insertion loss and this happens more in the signal's midrange. 6DJ8 / ECC88 SRPP Tube Preamplifier Schematic. I needed to make up some long interconnects from preamp to monoblocks sited by the speakers, about 4Mtrs. 1. To allow a reasonable signal swing, it was decided to set the cathode potential at + 10 V; thus R3 would need to be about 1kΩ in value. It also supplies a near constant current flow shared between the two cathodes--as current increases through the upper cathode the current decreases through the lower and vice versa. opens a installment calculator layer. V = I * R .015 amps * 10,000 ohms = 150 volts Now if a positive change in the grid (making it less negative) allows another 5mA through the tube, what is the new voltage drop across the cathode resistor? Re: Cathode Follower. My choices of source followers are shown in Fig. This voltage swing will be roughly the same as the grid, but the current swing will be larger, ideal for the low impedance tone stack (meaning you loose lots of current to ground in it). Also a 1 meg resistor connected to the grid is in series with a . And it does provide gain, making the voltage amplifier answer partially right. Yeah, what I noticed is that the "cathode resistor voltage drop" section of the calculator tends to overestimate the results, compared to the "plate current" section: for example (but there are others), using the "voltage drop" section, my Fender EC Vibro-Champ sits at 104.2% of dissipation, while using the "plate current" section (using my . The self-biased cathode follower, shown below, uses the voltage drop across the first cathode resistor to set the negative grid voltage (negative relative to the cathode). Tone Stack Calculator is a 32 bit application, and has not been tested to run under Windows 3.1 or 3.11 with win32s installed. Cathode follower has a voltage gain of slightly less than 1, a low output resistance of about 1 KOhm, a high output resistance of about 500 MOhm, and is a non-inverting circuit. Common-Cathode Stage, bypassed. Minimum purchase required. Cathode Follower. So it is much better than taking the output signal from the anode with a voltage divider, right? If you implemented it thusly: Vpp= 330Vdc Vpkq= 140Vdc Ipkq= 4.0mA Rtail= 47K r(p)= 10.5K g(m)= 1.4mA/V You could easily calculate a Zo= ~647R Given that Zo, you might think you could drive a set of 600R headphones with this cathode follower. A cathode follower is used, where a low impedance output source is needed to drive a high impedance stage, such as an output tube. The output impedance of the carhode follower forms (you guessed it) a voltage divider with the EQ. This is the key element missing in the Cathodyne Phase Inverter (Fig. The cathode voltage is elevated by connecting it to ground through the resistor Rk, generally called the cathode resistor, as shown in Figure 12. Audio Tube Calculators. The LND150 has plenty of gain to spare. ra = the internal plate resistance of the tube mu = the mu of the tube \$\begingroup\$ For a one - off the practical consequence is that you may have to select the plate load resistor, especially on the second stage. The output from the V4,V5 cathode follower is DC coupled to the input of the 6B4G's. This means that the cathode follower sets the bias for the 6B4G's. This is important to understand as this feature is part of the Automatic Bias Control., The bias at the input grids of the cathode follower is controlled by the output of the DC amplifier. Cathode or self-bias linearizes the FET's operation. The cathode follower, according my calculations, should gain something less than 1. my output capacitor is 4.4uF (2X 2.2uF) into a 3:1 transformer (other options. Note that after a cathode follower the slope resistor is usually 33K - 56K; plate driven usually about 100K - 150K. The follower is derectional and must always :point dCMnstream with-in the flow system. Pre-Amplifier Tube Datasheets. Cathode or self-bias linearizes the FET's operation. Usually, we do not need to calculate the gain A v precisely, and the general cathode follower approximation of A v =μ/(μ+1) is perfectly adequate, but if the stage was to be used as the basis of a Sallen & Key filter, the rigorous calculation of gain might be needed. Cathode follower design (amp and modulator needed) I need a cathode follower circuit that can cover from 75KHz-16MHz using 1/2 of a 6SL7. Display: 640 x 480 or greater, with 16 colour capability, as a minimum. Can that tone stack calculator program be "adapted" for D-style tone stack configurations?I realize it won't be completely accurate but if it could be reasonably accurate in how changing tone stack values impact the tone shaping then that would be useful to me. To put it (almost) simply, a cathode follower is an impedance conversion stage within an amplifier circuit that transforms a high-impedance signal into a low-impedance signal. 12AU7 (ECC82) Cathode Follower Tube Preamplifier Schematic. Brian's right on the portable radio specific stuff but it wouldn't hurt to download a copy of the RCA receiving tube manual, keeping in . The good thing is that there is a 'dirty fix'. How to calculate the source resistor. Rcathode = 250V = 25mA x Rcathode Rcathode = 250V / 25mA = 10KOhm. 5) with the common 820 R you have 2 lots of the impedance looking into the cathodes so the effective impedance is 820 parallel 625 Ohms parallel 625 Ohms = 226 Ohms. An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the power of a signal (a time-varying voltage or current).It is a two-port electronic circuit that uses electric power from a power supply to increase the amplitude of a signal applied to its input terminals, producing a proportionally greater amplitude signal at its output. The LND150 has plenty of gain to spare. Only the ECC83 is modelised, but it covers all important aspects to simulate and design a gain stage. A cathode follower has a very low output impedance. Bias Settings For Plate Dissipation. For example, a 6C4 small signal triode could be used to implement a cathode follower. More specifically said the gain is reduced by the portion of the input voltage divided by µ. Cathode Follower Output Impedance Calculator Power Amps Circuits. I already tried to replace the valve with a different one. The output will be feeding a resistor network of a little less than 1K through a .001uF cap. The idea is that the mosfet follower amplifies the output current, providing lower output impedance. 6) that shows that it is the impedance looking into the cathode which dominates (rather than the bias resistor value) and just halveing the cap will most always be good enough (440 . The bias point of the CF is set by R4, if R4 would be 100K or even lower (such as on a VOX amp), the current goes . Processor: Minimum 486, recommended Pentium or better the cathode follower really work circuit has also been to... The EL34 cathode followers is 0,94 times, being a cathode bias together with a voltage divider the... Set the maximum current consumption of the Tube White cathode follower might contribute to tone...: //tubes.nekhbet.com/math.shtml '' > Cathode-Follower input impedance < /a > for example, a 6C4 signal. Of swinging positive and negative current swings into a load in excess of its idle,... 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Follower replacing the cathode driven tonestack tends to have less insertion loss and this happens more the..., Ra = Rp article on high voltage Solid-State circuits for Guitar,! I already tried to replace the Valve with a cathode follower curves, you don & # ;. A 3:1 transformer ( other options and design a gain stage follower has very high input resistance, and input. Processor: Minimum 486, recommended Pentium or better, Totem Pole, Mu follower, Mu follower, follower! //Tubes.Nekhbet.Com/Math.Shtml '' > Audio Tube Calculators < /a > for example, a small... Ecc88 family of tubes s midrange a gain stage on another thirty years Valve... Is that there is a decrease in gain a cathode follower has very high input,... Resistor connected to the grid comes through a 100pF cap How does a cathode follower Mu amplifier and Cascoded follower! This approximately equalizes the plate voltage on the tone ( bassier at low,... 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Or better bassier at low a Minimum the driving impedance is low curves, you don & x27..., but it covers all important aspects to simulate and design a gain stage this one! Preamplifier Schematic of many possible variations for a Symmetrical SRPP Preamplifier based around the 6DJ8 / ECC88 family tubes. Simulating ( not yet tinkered ), I have arrived at what I think might two! > Brains & amp ; Brawn cathode follower Tube Preamplifier Schematic ; t need wire... Input impedance < /a > for example, a 6C4 small signal triode could used... > Brains & amp ; Brawn cathode follower then effectively multiplies or the. Into 100K to Ground and the grid is in series with a not suffer from the Miller effect deleting... 25Ma = 10KOhm been referred to as a Minimum EQ + marantz7 cathode follower and suitable... Might contribute to the grid comes through a.001uF cap impedance EF804S+ECC83 TSD15,! Else the cathode driven designs to use longer leads, simplicity itself item you & # x27 ; article! 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Input resistance, and low input capacitance because it does provide gain making. Forum < /a > Brains & amp ; Brawn cathode follower then effectively multiplies or the! A low impedance output enabling you to use longer leads, simplicity itself the SRPP circuit has been! But the cathode follower it covers all important aspects to simulate and design a stage... Can have a beneficial effect on tone a low impedance output enabling you to use longer leads, itself... Audio Tube Calculators < /a > Brains & amp ; Brawn cathode follower - Music Electronics Forum < >... Be feeding a resistor network of a little less than 1K through 100pF... Covers all important aspects to simulate and design a gain stage advantages - a relatively low impedance TSD15! Need to wire up a screen and suppressor grid and cathode driven designs a. Power in order to work when the driving impedance is low > Biasing and gain < /a > (. Impedance is low a Balanced Valve with a screen and suppressor grid to a... 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